SERIES C --- EXODUS FROM BONDAGE --- LESSON 19

LAW APPLIED

LAWS FOR DAILY LIVING

From Exodus 21

Adonai gave Moses the following Laws for His people: If a Hebrew becomes your slave because he cannot pay you his debt, he shall serve you for six years. In the seventh year he shall go free without any further debt to you. If he married after he had become your slave, then he alone shall be freed in the seventh year. But if he was married before he became your slave, then both he and his wife shall be freed in the seventh year. If the slave’s master gave him a wife during the time of his slavery and they have children, the slave alone shall go free in the seventh year. If the slave prefers to remain with his master, his wife and his children, the master shall bring him to the judges and pierce his ear with an awl before the people. Then he shall remain with his master as a slave forever. If a father sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go free in the seventh year as the male slaves do. If she does not, please her master, he shall permit her father to buy her back again. He must not sell her to foreigners, for he has treated her unfairly. If a man lets a slave girl marry his son, he shall no longer treat her as a slave girl, but as a daughter. If a master marries a slave girl himself, then marries another wife, no rights of that girl shall be taken away because of the second marriage. She shall not have less food, clothing or fewer personal rights to her husband. If the husband does not give her these rights fully, she may leave as a free person. Whoever hits another person and causes his death, that person shall be put to death. But if the death is accidental, an act which YHVH permitted, then that person may go to an appointed place and be safe. If a man plans the death of another, you must take him from My altar, where he would otherwise be safe and execute him. Whoever strikes his father or mother shall be put to death. Whoever kidnaps another, whether he holds that person or sells him, shall be put to death. Whoever curses his father or mother shall be put to death. When a man is injured in a fight, the man who hit him is innocent if the injured person recovers. But the injured man must be paid for his time and expenses until he is well again. A man who beats his slave to death must be punished, whether that slave is male or female. But the man shall not be punished if the slave lives, even though he is injured, for the slave is the man’s possession. If a woman who is about to have a child is injured by some men who are fighting nearby and if the child dies but the woman lives, then the man who injured her shall pay whatever the woman’s husband demands as long as the demand is acceptable to the judges. If the woman dies, the one who injured her shall die also. If she has a permanent injury, the man who injured her shall be punished with the same kind of injury. If her eye was lost, then his shall be taken out; or if her tooth was lost, then his shall be taken out also. He shall pay a hand for her injured hand, a foot for her injured foot, a burn for her burn, a wound for her wound, or a stripe for her stripe. If a master blinds his slave’s eye, the slave shall go free in payment for his eye. If a master knocks out a slave’s tooth, the slave shall go free in payment for his tooth. If an ox gores a man or woman to death, the ox shall be stoned to death, but not eaten. The owner shall not be punished unless the ox has gored others before. If the ox has gored others and the owner, in full knowledge, has failed to keep the ox under control, then the ox and the owner shall die. However, the relatives of the ox’s victim may take a payment as a redemption for his life if they prefer, whatever payment the judges decide is fair. The same rule will apply if the ox gores a man’s son or daughter. If the ox gores a slave, the owner shall give to the slave’s master thirty pieces of silver, then the ox must be stoned to death. If a man digs a pit and fails to cover it properly and an ox or donkey falls into it, the owner of the pit shall pay for the loss of the animal, which then becomes his property. If a man’s ox kills another man’s ox, then the two men shall sell the live ox and divide the money. They shall also divide the dead animal. But if the live ox has gored others in the past and the owner has not been careful to keep it penned and then he shall exchange oxen, his live ox for the other man’s dead ox.

COMMENTARY

SLAVES IN ANCIENT EGYPT

Some people say that, since Jethro was a Midianite, the natural spot for Moses to pasture his flocks would be Midian and therefore, Mount Sinai was in Midian. Others say this is not necessarily true, for Jethro belonged to the Kenite tribe of Midianites. Who travelled like nomads throughout the Middle East. These people place Mount Sinai in the Sinai Desert. Still others propose that the Bible writer did not record the physical place of Mount Sinai because he wanted to emphasize the spiritual event of YHVH giving His people the Law. The Ten Commandments are brief. So YHVH went on to give specific examples of how the principles expressed in them would be applied. In these examples, known as {case law,} we see that in Israel even slaves would have a right to respect! How differently Israelites were to treat men and women who might serve them than they had been treated in Egypt! In the ancient world people became slaves by being captured in battle, born into a slave family, or sold into slavery. Sometimes parents sold their own children into slavery when they were hopelessly in debt. Or sometimes they sold themselves into slavery. In some places, such as the copper mines of Sinai, slavery meant certain death. Life in a temple, private home, or on a government project was much easier. Women slaves had an especially miserable life. Often, they were used as prostitutes or concubines for their owner and his friends; becoming a kind of wife without the privileges. Even the Hebrews, who had been freed from slavery by YHVH, had slaves of their own in the wilderness! Although their Laws concerning slaves were more merciful, many abused the Laws and the slaves. Slavery was usually a life of misery, no matter who the owners were.

PEACE WITHOUT FEAR IN 2023!

When we ask YHVH Elohiym for peace in our lives, I think we want Him to help us, to just sit back and relax while He take away all our burdens. In actual fact, peace is found in motion, peace is found in an active state.

When we look at king David, as he is walking towards Goliath, I think the Israelite army was just hiding away in FEAR and trying to run away from Goliath, -- they were seeking after peace by hiding due to fear. They were seeking peace by staying stagnant. Where David was really the one moving in peace. YHVH has given all of us Fruit of the Spirit --- Love, Joy, PEACE…, Peace is a fruit but it has to be watered and peace grows when we are moving, when we are trusting YHVH Elohiym, when we are obedient and David is seen moving in the most radical peace ever when he is walking towards Goliath. Elohiym did not give us a spirit of fear. When David understood who he truly is, that YHVH has sent him on a mission, that Elohiym is with him and the Israelites -- that is why he is able to face his enemy.

YOU also have enemies out there. Your enemies could just be a diagnosis, could be a marriage problem, financial problem, it could be a trial, there could be something in front of you. Remember, fear is from hasatan. I promise you, you are actually going to receive the peace that is beyond understanding by facing that something head-on without doubts and without fear, because you are going to see the Peace of Elohiym in your life in the face of your Goliath. Start 2023 with faith in Elohiym and face your enemies, knowing that YHVH has your back and that everything you do with Him besides, in, behind and around you, will always work out in your best interest.

May 2023 the best year ever for all of you and your families, may you grow strong in Him and may He bless every move you make beyond expectations. Keep on forgiving, keep on praying for each other, encourage each other and make TTN the best place ever. Love you all in Yeshua Moshiach!

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In Acts 3:17 Peter agreed with the words Yeshua spoke on the cross: "Father forgive them, for they know not what they do." Even after killing the Son of God, forgiveness was freely available to all who would repent. If God doesn't hold a grudge against those who killed his Son (including you!), you have no business holding a grudge against anyone either.

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Shabbat shalom

SERIES C --- EXODUS FROM BONDAGE --- LESSON 18

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS

TEN WAYS TO PLEASE YHVH

From Exodus 20

While the people of Israel camped at Mount Sinai, Adonai gave them some special rules. This is what He said:

[I am Adonai your YHVH Who brought you out of bondage in the land of Egypt. You shall not put any YHVH ahead of Me. You shall not make idols for yourselves, images of the birds of the air, the animals upon the earth or the fish and creatures of the water. You must never bow to idols or serve them, for I am a jealous YHVH Who wants your undivided love. I am a YHVH Who punishes men for their sins. Sometimes the children, grandchildren and great-grandchildren continue to suffer for the sins of those who hate Me. But I share My love with thousands of those who love Me and obey Me. Never speak My Name in a way that will dishonour it. Keep the Shabbat day as a holy day. Six days of the week are for work, but the seventh is for rest, a Shabbat dedicated to Adonai your YHVH. You, your children, your servants, your guests and even your cattle shall do no work on that day. In six days, I Adonai made the heaven and the earth and the sea and all that is in them; but on the seventh day I rested. I blessed the Shabbat day and consecrated it, setting it apart as a day of rest. Honour your father and mother so that you will have a long life in the land I give you. You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not steal. You shall not witness falsely against your neighbour. You shall not desire your neighbour’s belongings for your own, neither his house, nor his wife, his servants, his cattle, his donkeys, nor anything else that he has.]

When the people heard the thunder and the great trumpet blast and saw the lightning and the smoke from the mountain, they stood at a distance and trembled with fear. [Let YHVH speak through you and we shall listen,] they said to Moses. [But do not let YHVH speak to us or we shall die.] [You must not be afraid,] Moses told the people. [YHVH has come this way so that you will realize His great power and will be afraid to sin against Him.] While the people stood far away, Moses walked up into the thick darkness where YHVH was. There Adonai told Moses what he should say to the people. [You have seen for yourselves how I spoke from heaven,] Adonai said. [Do not make or worship any gods of gold or silver. But make an altar of earth for Me and sacrifice your burnt offerings and peace offerings of sheep and oxen upon it. I will come to bless you in every place where I will have My Name remembered. [If you make an altar of stone for Me, build it of natural stones which have not been cut or fashioned with tools; for this will please Me. Do not build steps up to the altar, for people below might look under your garments and see your nakedness as you climb the steps.]

COMMENTARY

LAW CODES IN THE ANCIENT WORLD

In ten brief Commandments given on Mount Sinai, Adonai began to teach the people of Israel how to love Him and love each other. These Laws stress respect for YHVH and respect for the rights of other people. They reveal the moral character of YHVH. And they show the moral character that Adonai expects people who know Him to develop. The Law of Moses was not the only Law code in the ancient world. There were others, some even earlier than this. The earliest Laws were written before paper was invented, so they were inscribed on clay tablets. They came into existence in Sumeria when the king decided that there must be a way to correct certain wrongs. Public officials and powerful people were abusing the poor, widows and orphans. But these people had no right or way to complain. So, the king created laws which prohibited such behaviour and set up fines for those who disobeyed. The Laws also established rules for marriage and inheritance. The tablet ended with a list of blessings for the Law-abiding, and a barrage of curses for the offenders. In earliest times there were no judges or lawyers as we know them today. In Egypt, the only law was the word of the pharaoh. There were no written laws for centuries. The ruler of Egypt and other countries often was the supreme judge, with local leaders judging smaller cases. The Laws of the Israelites differed from those of their neighbours. On the one hand, they were harsher, with punishment by mutilation or death instead of a fine. They believed in [an eye for an eye.] On the other hand, they were more just, with the powerful and lowly receiving the same punishment. The Laws of Israel did not separate religious and social Law. All Law rested on the authority of YHVH, not man.